The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom took place in front of the Lincoln Memorial in the American capital on 28 August 1963. With around 250,000 participants, this was the biggest demonstration in the history of the United States up to that point. The March on Washington is today known above all for the iconic speech held by the American pastor and civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. (1929–1968), in which he spoke about his dream of a just society without racist discrimination. This impressive gathering, along with its moving speeches, contributed significantly to the elimination of racial segregation through the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965.
Immediately before King’s speech on that occasion, the American rabbi Joachim Prinz (1902–1988) from Newark, New Jersey, also addressed the crowd, among whom were tens of thousands of Jews. In his rousing speech, he explained why the Jewish community was committed to the struggle for civil rights. Precisely due to the experience of millennia of Jewish history, Prinz argued, the community was able to identify completely with the suffering and the history of the African American community.
Yet Prinz himself also had a personal connection to the civil rights movement based on his own experience. He had been a rabbi in Berlin in the 1930s before being forced to flee Germany by the Nazis in 1937. During these years, as he elaborated, he had learned that the greatest problem was not the hate and oppression of a few, but rather the silence of the many. In conclusion, he demanded that the American self-conception as “the land of ‘liberty and justice for all’” should be made “a glorious, unshakeable reality in a morally renewed and united America.” With his speech at the March on Washington, Prinz managed to transpose the German-Jewish experience of antisemitic oppression and persecution by the Nazis onto the US context and to universalize it for the sake of a mutual struggle against racism.
I wish I could sing.
I speak to you as an American Jew.
As Americans we share the profound concern of millions of people about the shame and disgrace of inequality and injustice which makes [sic] a mockery of the great American idea.
As Jews we bring to the great demonstration, in which thousands of us proudly participate, a two-fold experience – one of the spirit and one of our history.
In the realm of the spirit, our fathers taught us thousands of years ago that when God created man, he created him as everybody's neighbor. Neighbor is not a geographic term. It is a moral concept. It means our collective responsibility for the preservation of man’s dignity and integrity.
From our Jewish historic experience of three and a half thousand years we say:
Our ancient history began with slavery and the yearning for freedom. During the Middle Ages my people lived for a thousand years in the ghettos of Europe. Our modern history begins with a proclamation of emancipation.
It is for these reasons that it is not merely sympathy and compassion for the black people of America that motivates us. It is above all and beyond all such sympathies and emotions a sense of complete identification and solidarity born of our own painful historic experience.
When I was the rabbi of the Jewish community in Berlin under the Hitler regime, I learned many things. The most important thing that I learned in my life and under those tragic circumstances was that bigotry and hatred are not the most urgent problem. The most urgent, the most disgraceful, the most shameful and the most tragic problem is silence.
A great people which had created a great civilization had become a nation of silent onlookers. They remained silent in the face of hate, in the face of brutality and in the face of mass murder.
America must not become a nation of onlookers. America must not remain silent. Not merely black America, but all of America. It must speak up and act, from the President down to the humblest of us, and not for the sake of the Negro, not for the sake of the black community but for the sake of the image, the dream, the idea and the aspiration of America itself.
Our children, yours and mine in every school across the land, every morning pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States and to the republic for which it stands. And then they, the children, speak fervently and innocently of this land as the land of “liberty and justice for all.”
The time, I believe, has come to work together – for it is not enough to hope together, and it is not enough to pray together – to work together that this children’s oath, pronounced every morning from Maine to California, from North to South, that his oath may become a glorious, unshakeable reality in a morally renewed and united America.
Thank you.
Speech by Rabbi Joachim Prinz at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, August 28, 1963, Washington, D.C., edited in: (Hi)stories of the German-Jewish Diaspora, <https://diaspora.jewish-history-online.net/source/gjd:source-15> [May 10, 2026].