Arthur Rothstein was a first-generation American born in New York and grew up in a Yiddish-speaking, Orthodox home. His family members were forced from their homes in Europe by government-sanctioned antisemitic pogroms.
Rothstein was drawn to stories about migrants and the disenfranchised. He visited the Hongkew community in 1946 as the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA)'s chief photographer in China.