Born:

July 31, 1888

Died:

January 02, 1957, New York

Studied law in Moscow and Heidelberg; socialist politician, People's Commissar of the RSFSR in 1917/18; living in exile since 1923: staying among other places in Berlin, London, since 1943 in New York, USA

Mentioned in

• From Altona to Melbourne. German-Speaking Jews in Australia (Julia Schneidawind)