German zoologist. In 1913-14 he undertook a research trip to central and north-eastern Brazil. In 1919 he became head of the zoological department of the Georg-Speyer-Haus in Frankfurt/Main, in 1925 (until 1933) full professor at the University of Cologne, where he led the establishment of the newly founded Zoological Institute. In 1934 he emigrated to Brazil and became director of the Zoological Institute at the newly founded University of São Paulo.