German forest botanist; 1914-1933 at the University of Freiburg im Breisgau and the affiliated College of Forestry in Baden, retired in 1935 due to Jewish descent after “leave of absence” (1933), emigrated to Brazil in 1934 at the invitation of the University of Sao Paulo to set up the Botanical Institute, returned to Germany in 1953 due to illness; research focus: Algae, mycology, movement physiology of plants, ecology from 1950.